How is a topical medication absorbed?

Topical medications are specifically formulated to be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes for localized effects. When these medications are applied, they penetrate the outer layers of the skin and reach deeper tissues, where they exert their therapeutic effects. The absorption process occurs primarily through the epidermis and dermis, allowing the active ingredients to enter the systemic circulation when necessary, but the primary mechanism remains through the skin.

The other methods listed are associated with different routes of medication administration. The gastrointestinal tract primarily absorbs orally administered medications, inhalation is used for respiratory treatments, and injection into muscle refers to the intramuscular route. Each of these methods has distinct pharmacokinetic pathways and outcomes, which differ fundamentally from the mechanism of absorption for topical medications. Thus, the focus on the skin as the site of absorption for topical medications is key to understanding how these types of medications work effectively.