Which type of medications include creams, powders, lotions, gels, and transdermal patches?

Topical medications are specifically formulated to be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes, targeting localized areas for treatment. They encompass various forms including creams, powders, lotions, gels, and transdermal patches, all designed to deliver medication through the skin for local or systemic effects. This route is beneficial for conditions such as skin irritations, pain, or inflammation, allowing for direct application without needing to enter the bloodstream through other routes.

In contrast, oral medications are taken by mouth and absorbed through the digestive system, while sublingual medications are placed under the tongue for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. Inhaled medications are delivered through the respiratory system, targeting conditions like asthma or COPD. Each of these routes has its own specific applications, advantages, and methods of administration, but none include the specific forms of medication highlighted in the question, making topical medications the correct answer.